US Documents Essay Example for Free

US Documents Essay The long list of offenses attributed to the King in the Declaration of Independence were: that he did not approve laws for the common good, he did not allow his governors to pass laws no matter how urgent and important they may be and instead ordered the governors to wait for his approval which he never gave, he denied to enact laws for the benefit of the majority but would only do so if they gave up their representation in the Legislature and which the people found unacceptable and tyrannical, he convened the Legislature in places far from the Public Records depository and such location was distant, unusual and uncomfortable for the representatives, he dissolved on many occasions the Houses of Representatives for their opposition to his tyranny, he had denied the election of replacement for The Houses he dissolved thus exposing a State without Legislation to such threats as invasions from outside and unrest from inside, he prevented to populate the states when he tried to stop the passage of Naturalization and Immigration laws and refused to amend Land Appropriations, he did not allow for the administration justice with the continued absence of a Judicial arm of government, judges served under his pleasure as their terms of offices and salaries depended on him, he created offices for their officers to harass people, he created unconstitutional standing armies even in times of peace, he made the Military superior to the Civilian, he ruled under a constitution alien to the states, armed troops dwell among the citizens and were protected from punishment even for crimes against the citizens of the states, compulsory taxed and cut off foreign trade of the states, there was no trial by jury and instead brought trials overseas, he ruled in anarchy, dissolved Charters, changed the form of government, and abolished laws, instead of protecting the states declared war against them, he destroyed properties and plundered the people, and forced the people to fight against each other. Then Declaration of Independence states, â€Å" †¦ that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. † Locke believed those rights to be inherent in man’s natural state. Further, the Declaration of Independence provides, â€Å"That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and institute new Government. †¦ That these united colonies are, and of Right, ought to be Free and Independent States, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Locke believed that for Government to continue to exist it must have the consent of the people. When a government does not serve the purpose for which it was created, Locke believed that a revolution against it, is a right and an obligation. In both the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution, there is no mention of rebellion or revolution against the Government. Amendment 13 abolished slavery. This is the only part of the Constitution that touches on slavery. Three among the powers of Congress as provided for in the Constitution are: to legislate laws, to declare war, and to levy and collect taxes, duties and excises. Amendments 1-10 are otherwise known as the Bill of Rights. Among these Rights guaranteed in the Constitution are: Amendment 1 – â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † Amendment 2 – â€Å" †¦ the right of the people to keep and bear arms †¦,† Amendment 4 – â€Å" †¦ right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, †¦,† and Amendment 6 – â€Å" †¦ the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The times when National Security is involved are certainly periods when we have to be cautious. Suspension of Rights is never a way of caution. Life must go on even in times of threats. To bar people from practicing their faith, speaking up and writing out their thoughts, to gather peacefully, and to file for redress of grievances is not the way of a democracy, a democracy which replaced the anarchic government of the King. References Landry, P. (1997-2006). John Locke. Biographies. Retrieved February 19, 2008 from http://www. blupete. com/Literature/Biographies/Philisophy/Locke. htm

Treaty of Versailles :: essays research papers

At eleven O' clock on the morning of November 11, 1918, the fighting ceased on the western front in France, Belgium. For almost four years the world watched the bloodiest and most expensive wars in history. Now at last, the return of peace that was so desperately desired became a reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two months later the representatives of the victorious powers in Paris to write the treaties of peace. The most important of these agreements was first to be completed. In less than four months the representatives of the German government were summoned to a suburb of Paris. There, in the Hall of Mirrors in the Great Palace of the French Kings, they signed the documents that formally brought World War I to an end. The Versailles Palace thus gave the name to one of the most important treaties of Paris and in History. Out of the Versailles Treaty came the league of Nations, one of mankinds attempts to find a means of abolishing war. Many people that signed the Treaty of Versailles struggled with each other. Some people believed there were there to find a just and lasting peace, while others were there with vengeance on the mind towards Germany. The treaty also brought about conditions that aided Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany. It also played a significant role in causing World War II, only twenty years later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the signing of the armistice, discussion in Europe had turned to where the Peace Conference would be held. The question of where this meeting would take place caused discord. The United States and Great Britain favored small cities such as Geneva or Lausanne in neutral Switzerland, but the French insisted on Paris.(Vaughan 10) The reason behind this was because forty-eight years earlier, France suffered a crushing defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, The citizens of Paris watched a Prussian army match down the Champs Elysees and under the Arc de Triomphe(Hankey 23). On January 18, 1871, Bismarck and the German princes had proclaimed the birth of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors of the Versailles Palace(Knapton173). Now that the tables were turned, France wanted to pay back Germany for the humiliation they suffered. The setting for this conference was much different from the 1815 Congress of Vienna. There, a defeated France stood at the mercy of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and British Conquerors. So it was decided on that the conference would take place in Paris.

Interpreting Research Findings Essay

What follows are my responses to the hypothetical students who responded to the topic: â€Å"The human mind is a very powerful tool of research. How does the mind use statistics, deductive logic, and inductive reasoning to interpret research findings? † Student #1. Since you provided the reference for your response, you may not understand the meaning of plagiarism. For example, the statement from Pinker’s article (p. 2): â€Å"In this conception, a computational system †¦ into existence† appears in your response, without quotation marks or a page reference. The addition of the parenthesized word â€Å"mind† does not make the excerpt yours. There are similar examples throughout your response. You might have had difficulty in reading a highly theoretical article: one that actually is from a scholarly journal (Pinker, 2005) and does not address the question of using â€Å"statistics, deductive logic, and inductive reasoning to interpret research findings†. Despite adding these phrases to statements from Pinker (paragraphs 2 and 3), you did not answer the question. Student #2. Your first three sentences, though interesting, aren’t related to the question. Note too that conclusions based on using the scientific method are not â€Å"right answers/outcomes. † The closest one can come to a â€Å"right answer† requires doing an experiment and then using inferential statistics to conclude that the probability of finding a result such as yours by chance is so low (e. g. , < . 05 or . 01) that it’s reasonable to conclude your experimental manipulation caused your results (Levin, 1999). Almost your entire response is related to descriptive statistics, only one part of the question. Your quote about deductive logic (the only route to certainty) does not explain how it is used, and your quote about inductive reasoning is not, in itself, a complete explanation of how such reasoning is used. Student #3. Your response was very good. Note that it isn’t possible to free one’s â€Å"mind of bias,† which is why methods are used to prevent human biases from influencing the results, as in the classic double-blind experiment, where neither participants nor researchers know who is receiving the placebo and who is receiving the medication (Levin, 1999). Also, your son’s conclusion was valid – a conclusion is valid if it must be true if the premise is true. He was incorrect because his premise was incorrect (typical of a bright three-year-old). Also, your discussion of inductive reasoning was weak – try thinking in terms of â€Å"inferential statistics. † As an aside, there were some violations of APA rules regarding citations and references. Student #4. Unfortunately, your response does not begin to address the question. Also, in answering a question you weren’t asked, you reached conclusions that have been disconfirmed in previous research. For example, there’s a strong relationship between the behavior of peers and a teenager’s use of nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, etc. , but not a relationship between parent and child use of these substances (reviewed in Harris, 1995). It’s true that â€Å"educational and prevention programs† have not been â€Å"cost effective,† but there’s no evidence that such programs are effective at all, i. e. , that they influence teenage-smoking. Before you reach a conclusion on the â€Å"something† you will study, you need to read the relevant literature on previous research. Student #5. In a response as brief as yours, the first two sentences should have been related to answering the question. I also have no idea of what your answer means: â€Å"to form somewhat of an ‘argument’ that helps to interpret research findings. † In discussing deductive reasoning, you needed to explain that incorrect premises can result in valid but incorrect conclusions and that factually correct premises can result in incorrect conclusions if the hypothesized conclusions are invalid (e. g. , in the classic example, knowing that â€Å"all men are mortal and that Socrates was mortal† does not imply that â€Å"Socrates was a man†). You also did not explain how statistics and inductive reasoning are used. Student #6. First, you did not provide any source(s). Had you used a book on statistics and design, e. g. , Levin, 1999, you would have avoided some errors, described below. Your examples of descriptive statistics are accurate, but your explanation of inferential statistics is not. A sample is used to generalize about a population, not about a larger sample. Also, if â€Å"blue† were the favorite color of 80 people in a sample of 100, you could not conclude (or â€Å"speculate†) that if you sample 1000 people, blue would be the favorite color of 800. You could conclude, for example, that if you repeatedly (infinitely) sampled 100 people from the same population, the probability of failing to find that a majority favor â€Å"blue† is known and small (e. g. , . 05 or . 01). It may be important to understand correlational research, but the question was to explain how particular tools were used to interpret research findings. One tool, deductive logic, does not, as you stated, â€Å"indicate that a series of statements are facts. † You also needed to use quotation marks in your statement from Kerlinger, 1986, â€Å"Hypotheses are declarative †¦ more variables† and the full Kerlinger reference should have been provided (you should not have included references you had not cited). Finally, your conclusion regarding your dissertation suggests you do not understand how the three research tools noted in the question are used, e. g. , do you intend to use statistics only in your literature review? References Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102, 458-490. Levin, I. P. (1999). Relating statistics and experimental design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pinker, S. (2005). So how does the mind work? Mind & Language, 20, 1-24.

Ancient Rome, The Heart Of A Great Empire - 1545 Words

Ancient Rome, the heartbeat of a great empire, was the birthplace of one of the best civilizations on earth. Its ruins tell a story of the world’s first metropolis. Rome was built on a swamp with extraordinary engineering. Buried underground beneath the streets of Rome are the pillars of Rome’s power. Archeologists are now analyzing pieces of infrastructure about the city of Rome and the people that profoundly influenced the world. Rome was the first civilization to conquer the western world. At its peak, it was the greatest empire on earth. It expanded 3 continents and 2 million square miles and it ruled over 60 million people. Rome’s importance is that its endurance and supremacy lasted for centuries. Romans already saw their cities as ancient. Over 500-years of construction, destruction and reconstruction had built the city. Romans story is sacred and they worshipped a goddess named Roma that personifies the city. Rome was founded on the Palatine hill, one of Rome’s oldest hills. Back to 8 century BC, the city’s founding fathers were Romulus and Remus, the semi-divine sons of the god Mars. This explains the engineering work that seems super human in scale. The Roman forum is the commercial, political and religious center of the empire. The Roman Empire was built on a swamp, home of diseases like Malaria, but nothing could be constructed unless a large area was drained. Major constructions began around 600 BC. Construction workers began digging tunnels to drain the water.Show MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1537 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Rome was an empire so dominant, wealthy and economically- stable which came to a dramatic fall in the period of 250AD- 500AD. Ancient Rome faced unexplained unfortunate events which crumbled the Great Empire from the affluent empire to a impoverished society. For centuries historians have timelessly theorised and analysed many debates a nd research in relation to the Fall of the Roman Empire. 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The Iliad and the Odyssey are two of the oldest ancient literatures by Homer in around 8th century B.C. (Homer, 2012). According to Redfield (1975), â€Å"the culture portrayed in Homer’s works is that of Greek