The Apple, Authentec Merger The WritePass Journal

The Apple, Authentec Merger Conceptual The Apple, Authentec Merger . The paper examinations the procedure of the arrangements and with an unmistakable fascination on the inspiration driving the arrangement. This is Apple’s greatest arrangement ever and there are numerous inquiries pointing at the explanation and the speed of this merger. This paper digs into the planning of the exchanges inspecting pointers that could uncover any concealed intentions that Apple could have had that prompted the consenting to of the last arrangement. The paper utilizes a hypothetical focal point to clarify the events, the idea of arrangements and who really applied weight on the procedure and the motivation behind why. The paper examines the connection between Apple’s forcefulness and the pending arrival of its new product.â Presentation Unique mark sensor innovation organization AuthenTec Inc declared its obtaining by Apple on July 27. The understanding was at $356 million and was to be the greatest securing in Apples multi year time frame, in activity. A year after Apple Inc (AAPL.O) acquired AuthenTec Inc AUTH; a patent application was made open by the US Patent Trademark Office (Purcher, 2012). This application from Apple pointed at another innovation for the iPhone and its different gadgets, a security include that would consolidate unique finger impression scanner. Intriguing was the way that this innovation was obtained from AuthenTec. Purcher (2013) clarifies that Apple had made such applications before in 2009, a marker that it was keen on unique finger impression scanners for its future gadgets. Apparently this exploration was at a propelled stage in 2012 with the disclosure that this innovation would be utilized along with face or Retina acknowledgment as a refined safety effort on its iPhone and M AC. The Q-Theory of Mergers clarifies that mergers can be utilized as means for innovation move and capital reallocation (Jovanovic et al., 2002). This paper centers around the previous with respect to the merger and procurement being referred to. It is the light of this contention that this examination digs away from plain sight of this arrangement, Apples plan and moves and the possible take over to uncover its genuine reason. The Process As per Brian (2012), the dealings among AuthenTec and Apple began towards the finish of 2011 with a straightforward methodology by AuthenTec whether Apple would be keen on executing its most recent innovation. Brian’s (2012), disclosure stretches out to the way that Apple was not by any means the only organization that Authentic drew nearer and in spite of its rich client base that included â€Å"Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Fujitsu, HBO, HP, Lenovo, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Orange, Samsung, Sky, and Texas Instruments†Ã‚ (Brian, 2012), Its solitary Apple that reacted to AuthenTec’s approach and by demonstrating enthusiasm for building up the innovation. As of now, it seemed like the principle reason Apple was keen on monetarily seeking after this innovation was cost. Regardless, the dealings started with the center going to the degree to which Authentic would allow licensed innovation (IP) to Apple for the most recent technology (Bell, 2012). Now, it appeared there was a n absence of concurrence on such terms and this totally moved the idea of the understanding. This was the start of these arrangements in late February 2012 and Davidoff (2012 ), in his article uncovered the idea of these exchange as Apple would coordinate. As per Ogg (2012), the arrangement went in a new direction with numerous meetings between the two gatherings over authorizing, selectiveness, cost just as issues over the new item and, therefore, Apple was unsatisfied with the proposed business understanding. On May 1, it made a counter proposition to AuthenTec’s exchange group to procure the organization instead (Brian, 2012). In its proposition, Apple gave a cost of $7.00 for each offer, and esteemed the firm at a 115 percent of its earlier day regular stock completion price (Ogg, 2012). Apple realized that no other potential purchaser would make such an amazing proposal to AuthenTec and as such it heightened the exchanges. It likewise accepted that AuthenTec innovati on would not profit Apples rivals, who used diverse advanced mobile phone platforms (Brian, 2012). Apple’s items are known to have a restricted stage that is perfect with segment portions of all inclusive unit volumes. In any case, Apple needed this arrangements as very as conceivable it seemed to esteem its security on this one, it did nothing to the extent news discharges on this arrangement were concern. AuthenTec then again didn't make reference to the procurement, notwithstanding its affinity to news discharge on each issue (Davidoff, 2012 ). Ross et al. (2007) properly express that procurement procedure is the most emotional and disputable endeavor in corporate finance (Ross et al., 2007). Apple didn't need debate encompassing the disclosure of its actual expectation in the merger. Apple has for some time been known for its advancement, a benefit that it has attempted to keep up since its last discharge. Apples development has put it at the highest point of the ma rket with intellectuals esteeming it at $1 trillion US dollar showcase cap (Wohlsen, 2013). The mystery encompassing this arrangement meant that Apples decreased advancement, yet insurance of its notoriety and piece of the pie, Apple was purchasing innovation at an expense of $356 million. Acquisitions of this nature stand out as truly newsworthy in the money related press, which could be scandalous (Ross et al., 2007). Hence, Apple proposed an exchange structure and course of events for the securing a sign that it required something other than AuthenTec, it required its innovation and it required it quick. The Technology Integration Strategy At the pre-merger arrangement stage, the Apple exchange group communicated their company’s want for the procedure to move rapidly because of its item designs just as what it alluded to as building efforts (Cheng, 2012). Apple was in a rush and needed the pre-merger exchange hurried, because of its attention on timing. Likewise, the organization was against the closeout procedure and taken steps to repeal its proposition if AuthenTec further proposed elective proposals (Cheng, 2012). It is critical to take note of that since the start of these exchanges, at no time did AuthenTec documenting demonstrate Apples expectation to incorporate neither equipment nor a delicate product highlight. In any case, in Apple’s procurement proposition to AutheTec, there was an incorporation of a $20 million IP understanding that gave it a free hand on the patents (Brian, 2012). These licenses, AuthenTec, prior in the key arranging could have cost Apple as much as $115 million. The recording joined an understanding permitting Apple the option to have non-restrictive permit just as different rights that included equipment and programming innovation, just as licenses for the business utilization of 2D unique finger impression security sensors expected for use in or with their products (Bell, 2012). In light of this, it is sensible to expect that Apple’s aim was to gain AuthenTec unique mark innovation that it anticipated fusing in its new eWallet likewise called â€Å"Passbook†Ã‚ (Bell, 2012). The Passbook was the hotly anticipated application running on iOS 6 and was intended to fill in as capacity for tickets, reliability cards and different bundles; this gadget was to be a computerized wallet that could likewise offer advanced payments (Brian, 2012). It is additionally sheltered to accept that Apple’s thought was to join a security highlight that could confirm installments and guarantee that was not open to an approved client in the event that it fell on wrong hands. Then again, before the procurement bargain, on May eighth 2012, AuthenTec had declared the presentation of the savvy sensor; a security highlight structured explicitly NFC portable. This was a 192 pixel by 8 pixel sensor that contained distinguishing fingerprints close by other modern highlights, for example, the One Time Password (OTP) generator (Bell, 2012). As such, this item was perfect in making sure about the Apple’s eWallet Passbook a development that came in time and they needed to take advantage of the lucky break. Also, this sensor that was 1.3 mm could be absorbed in more than one application including a Home catch. Apple was careful in its dealings as it needed to fulfill explicit time constraints. In the event that it could conclude the arrangement sufficiently quick, at that point it could have utilized the new innovation in one of it’s yet to be discharged items. Truth be told there were mystery reports of Apple propelling it cutting edge iPhone later in September of 2012 and from that point, the a 7.85-inch iPad. It bodes well to accept this would give Apple a little under 90 days to implant this new innovation in its items. Besides, note this could likewise have been significant in the Apple’s PC line-up since there had been various unique mark sensors given by AuthenTec for personal computers for a long time (Neurotechnology, 2013). There was a chance of this innovation could make its presentation in Apple’s Mac setup. In any case, the inquiry would it say it was, was this innovation was produced for Apple, for what reason was there the race to settle the arrangemen t? What's more, is this not a sign that the innovation was to be utilized before the year's end 2012? Indeed, in the event that Apple required an item, at that point it could have length out such innovation from the iOS6 working framework which was to hit the market later on that year. It is just conceivable and genuine that Apple had an ideal planning for the innovation for use in one of its items due for discharge sooner. After meetings with its board nearby its speculators, and following investigation of its capacity to seek after securing manages other electronic firms, AuthenTec put a proposal of $9 for each offer to Apple for progression of the exchanges. Nonetheless, Apple made a last offer of close to $8.00 for each

The decline of tradition of holistic approach to culture in Coursework

The decay of convention of comprehensive way to deal with culture in human sciences - Coursework Example social just as the political procedures to human studies has had embraced a progressively logical methodology in their investigation prompting the decrease of customary comprehensive methodologies. The rise of an alternate perspective on culture and culture legislative issues has come about into an alternate perspective on how anthropologists respect comprehensive culture in their understanding of key ideas and measurements. The mission to confirm every single social credit has prompted anthropologist thought of just explicit patterns in culture as opposed to receiving the whole culture of the individuals being contemplated. Social governmental issues considers political repercussions of all societies over various imaginative and scholastic teaches, for example, human sciences. Legislative issues has from the start depended vigorously on culture to offer clarifications for a portion of the activities of key government officials and general political lead in the general public. Anyway the rise of scholarly teaches, for example, political theory has prompted the decay of convention all encompassing way to deal with

High School Reunions Essay

A perception of a secondary school re-association was trailed by a meeting with two of the individuals going to for this ethnography. The two participants utilized for the meeting were one male and one female. Subsequent to distinguishing a portion of the potential justifications with respect to the way of life of the get-together in the perception, the meeting was directed based on the methods of reasoning. This was then dissected and contrasted with a portion of the discoveries from social research and hypothesis before a finish of sorts was made. Perception The gathering condition and setting for the perception was that of the Aliso Niguel High School Class Reunion, Class of 1999. The High School is situated in Aliso Niguel CA. The get-together being watched occurred in Irvine, CA. There were roughly 300 individuals present. The general examples of practices among the individuals comprised of heaps of blending and inactive talk. A portion of the individuals were strikingly more held than others. It appeared as if the single individuals were working more earnestly to begin discussion and were unmistakably increasingly congenial. Conversely, couples didn’t appear to depict a similar kind of welcoming non-verbal communication when all alone, yet turned out to be increasingly certain when with a companion or companion. Around, 80% of the participants grasped drinks as a standard and there were additionally presents and cards being traded from the beginning. From catching the participant’s discussion it appeared as if a significant number of them despite everything lived in the Southern California zone and this turned into a primary wellspring of discussion all through. The communication was commonly founded on fervor, grinning and uplifted voices at eminently stronger than typical volume. With respect to clothing regulations, there didn’t appear to be a lot of proof of decent variety. This was especially striking on account of the females. Most of them had light hair past their shoulders and the apparel style that was received by the participants was strikingly comparative. There were not many fat or overweight individuals that joined in. These individuals maybe didn't go to as bombed welcomes were not taken. There were away from of sub-bunches at the social occasion, in spite of the fact that they appeared to convey discussion with the remainder of the participants as per the bigger gathering. Among the guys there indicated numerous generalizations, for example, â€Å"meat head† or â€Å"gym jocks†, as I caught one female state. In spite of the fact that the same number of these individuals are currently approx. 27-30 years of age, it was more enthusiastically to sort them in such terms. There seemed to be a more grounded converge between coupled gatherings and singled bunches instead of any traverse. There had all the earmarks of being an image of individuals attempting to meet a specific standards all through. For example, there was a gathering of around 15 females. I caught that every one of them got hitched inside the most recent 2 years and a large number of them either joined in as well as where present at each other’s wedding. This could be characteristic of a longing to follow examples and patterns in conduct just as every other person is getting hitched then so should they, so they aren’t left behind. Contrastingly, the guys appeared to contrast status in connection with assets, for example, vocation, vehicles, and houses giving specific consideration to the area of the houses. There had all the earmarks of being a lot of cliché pretending. This was maybe because of the circumstance and the way that previous characters were known by different participants. Desire for progress may have emphasizd the longing for the participants to overstate their status to seem fruitful. I felt that huge numbers of the participants truly preferred re-living the past. They may have either truly made the most of their secondary school years, or were interested regarding what their colleagues were doing now. In any case, this could likewise be a trial of character or fill in as a self estimating experience based on their peer’s practices and victories. Meetings The inquiries that I posed were subjective, semi organized and topical in nature centering for the most part upon generalizations and thinking. This was to check whether the musings of the interviewees contrasted and what appeared to be evident about the way of life of the re-association assembled from the perception. In other words, was this something of a self guideline practice for the participants or was it an activity in social ordinariness? On being requested their thinking corresponding to the re-association, the male interviewee expressed that: ‘No one pays attention to it. Unquestionably not me. ’ The second female interviewee expressed comparable to a similar inquiry that: ‘You kinda become acquainted with everybody actually again‘. These reactions recommended two distinct justifications. On account of the male, it seemed like the gathering was something of an easygoing undertaking that could end up being fun as long as it wasn’t paid attention to or that anything was put resources into the event. While the female’s reaction demonstrated that there was an individual type of close delight engaged with seeing others once more. The last reaction would propose that there is some type of self guideline going on according to peers (Devine, 1989). Regardless of whether this was only for the reasons for fulfilling interest or to quantify oneself against the advancement of different friends was less clear (Tajfel, 1982). On being given and interrogated concerning a portion of the generalizations of others saw at the re-association, the male interviewee expressed that: ‘The generalizations you have referenced are commonly applied to individuals you haven’t communicated with. They’re dependent on obliviousness. They leave once you get talking’ This shows a contrast among known and obscure individuals, which is basic in western individualistic culture (Hofstede, 2001). It created the impression that the male participant was not ready to acknowledge or maybe didn't understand the noteworthiness of cliché pretending and rather fully trusted everybody once a discussion occurred with another. This dismissal of generalizations was likewise found in the reaction of the female participant who expressed that: ‘I don‘t truly know, I generally converse with individuals at gatherings and they generally appear to be well disposed, bar a couple. Is that a generalization? †¦ha ha! ’ This raised some intriguing focuses. For example, in spite of the fact that the participant may well have pre-considered ideas about specific generalizations, the people may have felt that they were the main individuals that apparent them in that manner (Devine, 1989). Because of the experience of the circumstance that strengthened certain social standards, this generalization may decrease or become paying little mind to the previous social gathering. This was advanced by Gudykunst, who proposed that, â€Å"Some of our generalizations are extraordinary and dependent on our individual encounters, however some are imparted to different individuals from our in-gatherings. The generalizations we share with others are our social generalizations. We may recognize what the social generalization of a gathering is, yet hold an alternate perspective on the gathering. † (Gudykunst, 1997, p127) On getting some information about what they believed they had picked up from the experience of the re-association and what others may have additionally picked up, the male participant expressed that: ‘I discovered all the various bearings that individuals have taken. It’s not just about getting hitched, purchasing a house and having children. A great many people have stretched right out since then’ The second female participant expressed comparable to a similar inquiry that: ‘I feel great that everybody is by all accounts doing so well. Everyone’s the equivalent, yet do their thing another way, on the off chance that you comprehend what I mean’ The idea of contrast was clear in the reactions of the interviewees. No doubt in spite of the fact that the jobs and social standards were genuinely comparative and the substance of the discussions were consistently founded on progress, the diagram depended on everyone’s achievement and joy kept up through a level of various ways of life. This was again maybe obvious given the uniqueness that is so normal to western societies (Hofstede, 2001). The accentuation on progress and movement was likewise obvious for comparative reasons. In any case, the measure of genuine contrast that was shown at the re-association regarding clothing standard and regularizing conduct could be found in logical inconsistency of this distinction (Tajfel, 1982). No doubt such distinction was just alluded to in discussion instead of in genuine conduct. Doubtlessly sub-societies were undermined at the re-association and generalizations were ignored as long as the participants followed the right social standards while at the re-association. List of sources Devine, P, G. , (1989) Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components. Diary of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18. Gudykunst, W. , and Bond, M, H. , (1997) Inter-bunch Relations Across Cultures. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, and C. Kagitcibasi (Eds. ) Handbook of culturally diverse Psychology: Social Behavior and Applications, 3, 119-161. Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture’s Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Tajfel, H. , (Ed. ) (1982) Social Identity and Inter-bunch Relations London: Cambridge University Press.

Potential Aviation Cybersecurity Threats Research - 1375 Words

Potential Aviation Cybersecurity Threats Research (Essay Sample) Content: Students Name:Instructors Name:Course:Date: Aviation CybersecurityCyber-security has become a major risk and is in fact one of the most pressing issues that affect business organizations today. Cyber-attackers today are more technologically-savvy, skilled and persistent than just a few years ago. Commercial aviation, like many other global business sectors, is very much aware that it has cyber-security challenge (Iasiello 23). This paper exhaustively discuses the potential aviation cybersecurity threats that experts in the industry have identified. The paper also discusses the activities that Original Equipment Manufacturers, Air Traffic Control and airlines are engaging in to help develop policies that would try to catch up with advancing technologies. Lastly, what regulatory and other agencies are doing to mitigate the risk linked to GPS and satellite-based navigation systems is discussed. Potential aviation cybersecurity threats There are a number of potential avi ation cybersecurity threats that have been identified by experts. Modern airplanes are becoming more and more connected to the internet. This interconnectedness has the potential of providing illegal, unofficial remote access to airplane avionics systems (Croft 3). Cyber elements which are possibly susceptible to cyber-attacks are as follows: onboard computer and navigation systems; cargo handling and shipping; reservation systems; hazardous materials transportation; flight traffic management; access, passport, and departure control systems; and flight traffic management (Jaeger 47). It is worth mentioning that cyber-attackers are increasingly making use of cyber-attacks as their weapon of choice targeted towards the aviation sector. There are quite a few types of cyber-security threats in the aviation sector ranging from malicious attacks that are intended to cause damage to aviation operations and threaten aviation safety, to errors that Information Technology personnel make leavi ng systems susceptible to exploitation. In 2005 for instance, a Polish airplane carrying over 200 travelers was grounded by a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack (Haass, Sampigethaya and Capezzuto 41). In DDoS attacks, the aim of cyber-attackers is to deluge critical computer systems with traffic that cause the server to overload and stop working. In addition, hackers can infiltrate an aircrafts security software. Cyber-attackers can target satellite communications equipment on aircraft through in-flight entertainment systems and WiFi. Hackers could hack into a passenger aircraft and gain total control of the airplanes on-board systems, with the exception of the airplanes pilots. Furthermore, it is possible to use an Android Smartphone to hack a passenger airplanes navigation system (Croft 2). This is very disturbing considering that by simply making use of a limited resource, hackers can take control of the whole control system within an aircraft, including cockpit systems and airplane navigation systems. These concerns are valid since the aviation sector is of great importance to the worlds economy and disruptions to this global transportation network could in fact cause ripples of social and economic turmoil worldwide (Haass, Sampigethaya and Capezzuto 43). For this reason, the critical infrastructure of the aviation industry has to be protected. Activities to develop policies/procedures/regulation The aforementioned potential cyber-security threats in the aviation industry has served to increase pressure on aviation managers, airports, airlines, air-traffic control (ATC), Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) and other stakeholders to bolster their cyber defenses. OEM, ATC and airlines are engaging in various activities to help develop regulations/procedures/policies that would attempt to catch up with the advancing technologies. For instance, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), which is an association representing over 140 airl ines globally, is helping airlines to develop a robust cyber security strategy and is driving coordination of international efforts to tackle cyber threats to the aviation sector (Abeyratne 26). It has created an aviation cybersecurity toolkit for helping aviation organizations including airlines to manage risks with the use of a common set of tools. Similarly, the American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics (AIAA) has developed a framework for aviation cybersecurity (Abeyratne 26). Moreover, an information system (IS) framework is being developed that is aimed at protecting airplane and ATC systems. Developing this IS policy framework includes the following steps: evaluating and understanding urgent risks and possible threats; carrying out research and development (RD); offering incident response; outlining the design and operational principles; as well as determining common cyber standards for aviation systems (Jaeger 49). It is notable that an effective information s ystems policy framework helps to continually prevent, detect, and respond to cyber-security threats. Furthermore, a notable strategy to help protect aviation industry from cyber-attacks has been the development and utilization of software assurance techniques, which are methods for minimizing the possibility and impact of coding omissions and errors that might expose systems to hackers or bring about unintended faults. Original equipment manufacturers, aviation system manufacturers and large commercial airplane manufacturers often work together with software security firms to achieve high assurance levels for software embedded in avionics equipment (Iasiello 23). The other activity to develop procedures that would catch up with the advancing technologies entails hiring qualified and trained cyber-security personnel. Mitigating risks associated with the new technologies There are risks linked to Global Positioning System (GPS) and such satellite-based navigation systems, for ins tance GPS interference, GPS jamming and GPS spoofing. In GPS spoofing, a GPS signal that is sent to an aircraft is spoofed; that is, a false GPS signal is broadcasted to the plane (Haass, Sampigethaya and Capezzuto 42). To mitigate the risks that are associated with GPS and similar satellite-based navigation systems, regulatory and other agencies are taking measures to protect GPS and similar satellite-based navigation systems from GPS spoofing and GPS interference and jamming. These steps ensure that airlines, ATCs, and airports do the following: signal-distortion detection, cryptography, and direction-of-arrival sensing. Signal-distortion detection alerts users to any suspicious activities basing upon a short but visible blip that occurs whenever a GPS signal gets spoofed. Cryptographic techniques, as Croft (4) stated allow users to authenticate signals on the fly. Civilian receivers, for instance, would utilize PRN codes which are partly or completely unpredictable, like the one s the United States military uses, so that spoofers cannot synthesize the PRN codes beforehand. However, to confirm every new signal, the civilian receivers would need to carry an encryption key like those that military receivers hold, and cyber-attackers would not be able to obtain such widely distributed keys (Iasiello 25). Lastly, direction-of-arrival sensing basically takes advantage of the fact that a GPS spoofer could only be in a single position at any particular time. It is notable that spoofers transmit a bogus GPS signal for every GPS satellite that the operator wants to imitate. The spoofers do this by producing the PRN codes for each satellite ...

Scientific Essay Example

The purpose of scientific essay example is to write a response with some evaluation on the chosen topic. The author must precisely unravel the theme in order to understand all its nuances. The response should contain careful critical analysis, the introduction to the topic, thorough discussion, and lead to the logical conclusion. Speaking about the structure, the preliminary part should include minimal necessary background, related to the topic, state argument or proposal, and provide the outline of the main research steps of the writer. The body section must contain several key elements like the clear development of the subject, description of relevant information in order to support the thesis. In addition, the writer is able to use certain tables and charts with appropriate references. Finally, the conclusion should include the short restatement of the purpose of the essay, summary text of the principal points within the body, and contain distinctive reasons for conclusion. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the description and general information about the earthquakes in the USA. It is necessary to provide some statistics about the annual harmful effects of the earthquakes and ensure evaluation of the further tendency that this natural occurrence could display on the population and natural environment in America. Annually, earthquakes destroy thousands of houses and claim many human lives. However, this seismological phenomenon appears to be not as plain as some people suggest. There are various reasons why earthquakes regularly appear only on specific territories. Still, further researches pose new questions to puzzle known specialists. The main evaluation will result in reviewing the latest information about earthquakes. It is not definitely understood how earthquakes are formed and how they end the existence cycle. However, recent studies are focused on solving the mystery of earthquakes in order to improve the aiming systems which could notify people about incoming calamity. Earthquake is represented by the collision of the two blocks of the earth which instantly slip one past another. Average earthquake lasts approximately from a few minutes to the several hours. The location where the earthquake starts is called hypocenter and the layer of the earth above it is the epicenter which affects the upper fault plane. Furthermore, earthquakes are often supplemented by the smaller strokes which are called foreshocks and they appear at the same place as the major earthquake. The earth geological structure consists of the four major layers: the inner core, mantle, crust, and outer core. The reason for the majority of earthquakes is covered within the crust, the thin layer of the upper geological layer which is alike to the skin. In fact, we inhabit the surface of the crust. However, the crust is not unified and includes so-called tectonic plates which are movable. Actually, they drift on the down layers of the earth and often collide with each other. Furthermore, the edges of the plates are not definite in the outline and they are quite rough. Thus, when the edges collide, earthquakes occur within the area of collision. In the USA, the most active seismological zone is situated on the West Coast. It includes states like California and San Francisco. To sum up, current research cannot evaluate definitely the phenomenon of the earthquake precisely. However, lead scientists constantly improve the matter of evaluation towards earthquakes, using various scientific methods and cutting edge scientific development. Apparently, the key to answering why earthquakes exactly appear in all cases is going to be revealed in the next decades owing to the increased interest towards the problem. Overall, investigation of the problem is the best way to find the solutions for resolving it. Reference By Looking at the Amount of Time. The Science of Earthquakes. The Science of Earthquakes. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Earthquakes Can Trigger Near-instantaneous Aftershocks on Different Faults.ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. By David K. Lynch, PhD, Author of SanAndreasFault.org. The San Andreas Fault. San Andreas Fault Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Japan Earthquake Shifts Earths Mass and Moves Its Axis. 2011 Japan 9.0 Earthquake Shifts Earths Mass and Moves Axis. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. High Tides Raise Odds of Powerful Earthquakes. LiveScience. TechMedia Network, n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2016.

Mentor New Leaders Within Your Organization - 1466 Words

As a leader, it is important to mentor new leaders within your organization. Encouraging confidence in the new leaders will help establish competence in their field. Competence can also be achieved when an education has been invested in the new leader’s future. With the new knowledge of skills and education, the new leader will feel self-confident in the leadership position. After the establishment of self-confidence, the mentoring of the new leader must continue to set a precedent of continued support. The continued support will further strengthen the new leaders in their capabilities. Encourage Confidence in New Leaders Common causes that can contribute to a new leader feeling inadequate include, a lack of resources and lack of knowledge to feel confident in their new position. These concerns could lead to feeling overwhelmed and could sabotage the performance of the new leader. Unfortunately, when resources are available, but the leader still lacks the self-confidence to take advantage the same problem will occur. Kouzes (2012) explains â€Å"[d]eveloping competence and building confidence are essential to delivering on the organization’s promises and maintaining the credibility of leaders and team members alike.† For a company to exhibit exemplary performance an investment in the quality of leaders and staff must be executed. The term â€Å"co-active leader in front† is defined as a leader that nurtures relationships with their subordinates (Kimsey-House Show MoreRelatedEssay on Mentors Case Study913 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness 318 Case Study 3 Generation Gap: Mentors and Protà ©gà ©s (Chap 13 ) pg 442 1. I believe in order for a mentor program to be successful there should be a formal type of structure with support from all levels of management. 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Effective ways for the leader to develop their communication skil ls include an introduction to staff and the surgeons on the unit to increase familiarity. Provide opportunities for staff and the new leader to build a rapport. Another way to develop their communication skills

Courage essay free essay sample

They help us understand everything around us, from peoples Ideas to their feelings, to all sorts of concepts of Ideology and life. Without definitions we would not know what anything would be, mean, act for, and so on. Definitions are an essential part of life that helps us cope with many things by helping us understand a broader perspective of objects and ideas. As a freshman in English class, one of our assignments was to read Solitude and Leadership by William Directories which Is an extended deflation of the words solitude and leadership.William Directories used different methods to define the two words including quotes, examples, characteristics, and reference to Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, which in my case was one of the hardest novels I had to read. One of the definitions Directories gives us is solitude means being alone, and leadership necessitates the presence of others, both words contradicting themselves. Directories uses a series of characteristics to define the words, which included words such as courage, Independence, thinking, creativity, honor, concentration. Nests, Introspection, friendship. And morality among others. Courage was one characteristic that stood out to me. Courage can be interpreted in many ways. According to the Oxford English Dictionary one way, courage is defined as the heart as a seat of feeling, thought, etc. ; spirit, mind, disposition, nature. Another definition that was provided was that courage is applied to a persons spirit and yet another definition was spirit, liveliness, lustiness, vigor, vital force or energy. All three definitions contained the word split In them, and I believe that ones split s really Important in relation to courage because It Is what keeps us going. I can say that courage drives our spirit because without courage we would not do the many things that we have done and will do. For example, we would not talk to someone we really like without having the courage to go up to him or her right? According to the essay by Directories, there is two types of courage one being physical which he says we all possess in abundance and moral courage, which Is the courage that allows us to stand up for what we believe (175).Courage drives us to the many things we do in everyday life whether it is something simple like having the courage to argues our ideas or something adventurous like skydiving (175). To myself , courage contains some of the same characteristics, but I can out it into different words. Courage is a quality of mind or spirit that leads one to make certain decisions. Defining courage this way makes much more sense to me. Courage is very Important because without It we probably would not be In certain situations we are way from home all on my own living with someone who was once a complete stranger to me.I believe that that took tons of courage from me. Without courage many of us would not be away home our homes starting our college careers, which will prepare us for our future careers. Courage is a drive one must have to keep our spirit going. As a freshman in college, I have set goals that I hope to achieve by the end of the year. I believe that courage can help achieve many goals. For example, one of my goals is to leave here with the courage to take up more rigorous classes next year.Taking up more challenging courses is definitely going to require courage because college can already be difficult for some and taking up more can be a harder task. Another goal I wish to accomplish is to learn from all that will be done this year and apply it to the future. This goal can also take a bit of courage because learning from mistakes and applying the experience onto the future can be difficult. Courage is a really important characteristic to contain.No matter what age or situation, courage is extremely important, Just having the mentality of wanting to do something and being able to do it says a lot about a persons character. After reading the Solitude and Leadership I suddenly realize that there are many things that take part in building character. Courage goes a very long way. It helps us decide on certain ideas, gestures, etc. Being able to take the essay and go onto defining a word in my own terms, like in the essay, took courage because many people can Judge my ideology but having that courage the author spoke about and arguing for my own idea took courage. Courage Essay free essay sample One person explained how it took their baby a lot of courage to take its iris step, and another saying how he took the training wheels off of his childs bicycle, hoping his child had enough courage to get on that bicycle and ride it. Most of my research done on Google was very hard to find, meaning I had to refine definition of courage significantly. A lot of pages also came up that had nothing to do with the word courage whatsoever. My first source, Dictionary. Com, had many different definitions.The one I found to be the most accurate for being a dictionary definition was, Courage; the quality of mind or split that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, pain, etc. ; without fear; bravery. To me, this definition Is pretty spot-on, but It also lacks the emotion and deepness others see In the definition of courage. Thesaurus. Com being my second source, gave me, Boldness, braveness, as a definition. This definition is also, in my opinion, very vague and doesnt explain courage in great detail.The words boldness and braveness only make up a minute fraction of what courage means to me. After looking at famous quotes online from the Holy Bible about courage, I found one that aught my attention. It reads, David also said to Solomon his son, Be strong and courageous, and do the work. Do not be afraid or discouraged, for the LORD God, my God is with you. He will not fail you or forsake you until all the work for the service of the temple of the LORD Is finished. -l Chronicles 28:20. This verse can mean a lot of different things too lot of different people.To me, It means work hard your whole life no matter what Is In your way, for God Is always there with you to help you through It. Even If you arent Christian, this verse can brighten your day Just reading It. When scrolling through a couple websites containing Shakespeare, I came across a play he wrote, called Alls Well That Ends Well. The work says, Methinks in thee some blessed spirit doth speak His powerful sound within an organ weak: And what impossibility would slay In common sense, sense saves another way.Thy life is dear; for all that life can rate Worth name of life in thee hath estimate, Youth, beauty, wisdom, courage, all That happiness and prime can happy call: Thou this to hazard needs must intimate Skill infinite or monstrous desperate. Sweet practices, thy physic I will try, That ministers thin own death if I die Len this work, Shakespeare pretty much Just summarizes how dear life is and how much you should cherish it each and every day. Shakespeare also gives such qualities a human being would need to thrive on this planet, one being courage. This verse from the poem A Far Cry From Africa by Derek Walcott also got my attention. Threshed out by beaters, the long rushes break In a white dust of ibises whose cries Have wheeled since civilizations dawn As natural law, but upright man Seeks his divinity by inflicting pain. Delirious as these worried beasts, his wars Dance to the tightened carcass of a drum, While he calls courage still that native dread Of the white peace contracted by the dead. This poem brings a sense of sorrow but also a great meaning. It explains how man is the dominant species overall and since this is true, man has to inflict pain because of his high authority.But then the end of the poem brings reassurance, saying he honors he beast he has killed by forming peace between the two after death. Later coming across a famous quote from Sequestrations. Com, I read it and instantly knew this was the one I wanted to write about. Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount,-Clare Booth Luck. After reading this once, I instantly knew the meaning. Courage is a virtue, but not Just any virtue. It is the basis of all virtues. Do you think a cheetah would be able to get food if it didnt take the risk of chasing down a wildebeest for a half hour?No, it wouldnt. That is why courage is required for everything to survive, not Just humans. In my overall search to find a real definition of the word courage, it was very difficult to actually pinpoint that one saying, quotation, or even poem that had the exact definition I was looking for. Honestly, it was hard researching the different objects containing the word courage and even harder to pick them out of a poem or writing. If I had to do this project over again, I would probably have gone to the library more and tried to organize and gather as much research as possible.

The Giver Essay Research Paper It is free essay sample

The Giver Essay, Research Paper It is the hereafter. There is no war, no hungriness, and no hurting. No 1 in The Community wants for anything. Everyone is provided for. Each Family Unit is entitled to one female and male kid. Each member of The Community has their profession carefully chosen for them by the Committee of Elders, and they neer make a error. In today? s universe, one of the most cherished resources is household and a place. In Jonas? s universe, a household is all ways the same. There is one ma, one pa, one male kid, and one male sister. All the places are the same. The furniture was practical, hardy, and the map was clearly defined. There was a bed for sleeping, a tabular array for feeding, and a desk for analyzing. In the desk there were merely three books: a lexicon, the community volume, and the Book of Rules. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver Essay Research Paper It is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In our universe, life can take you anyplace. Either you can be rich or be a rotter on the streets. In the book, your life was decided for you by the Committee of Elders. If you failed your occupation, you were released. For most occupations, one time you have the occupation, you have it for life. The lone exclusion is for the birthmothers. Once they have had three kids, they become portion of the Clean-Up Crew. In our lif vitamin E, we enjoy the universe to its fullest extent. In the Giver, there is no colour. Everything is black and white. Some people wear? t even acquire to bask life. Babies that are to light or unhealthy are released. Aged people are released when they have no usage to the community. Peoples who fail with their occupation are released. In our twenty-four hours of life, the lone manner you would be put to decease is if you committed a offense like killing. In their universe, people are put to decease, or what they like to name release, for simple grounds. Such would be: Babies that are to light or unhealthy are released. Aged people are released when they have no usage to the community. Peoples who fail with their occupation are released. Everything is the same in the community except for one topographic point. That topographic point would be in the Giver? s populating one-fourth and in the Giver? s universe. His legal residence has epicurean furniture and shelves of books all around his room. The biggest difference is that he can see colour. Though there may look to be legion differences, there are some similarities in these two universes. Both universes have autos. In both universes people like to sit at that place motorcycles. Childs still have to travel to school. Parents and teens have to work. The Book # 8220 ; The Giver # 8221 ;

Biology Field Study Essays

Biology Field Study Essays Biology Field Study Essay Biology Field Study Essay A general description of the area with reasons why the field study is being conducted. Geological overview Bicentennial Park which is located on the shoreline of Home bush Bay is a natural heritage site which features a vital wetland ecosystem and a large area of parkland colonized by a vast range flora and fauna. Within the park there are four communities of vegetation which are: Coastal Saltmarsh – a type of marsh that is intertidal between land and salty water, consisting of a group of salt-tolerant vegetation, grasses and other organisms. Historical Overview Gather information from first hand observations to construct food chains and food webs Explain trophic interactions between organisms in an ecosystem using food chains and food webs Describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems Measure a number of Abiotic factors to compare the mangrove and Saltmarsh environments Use quadrats to estimate the size of a population in an ecosystem Collect, analyse and present data to describe the distribution of species whose abundance has been estimated Consider the accuracy of population estimation strategies Identify factors determining the distribution of species whose abundance has been estimated Examine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species in each environment Examine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species within an ecosystem Justify the use of different sampling techniques to make population estimates when total counts cannot be performed Identify some adaptations of living things to factors in their environment Identify and describe in detail adaptation of a plant and an animal from the local ecosystem Analyse trends in a plant population using a transect Identify examples of allelopathy, parasitism, mutualism, and c ommensalism in an ecosystem and the role of organisms in each type of relationship Identify the impact of humans on the ecosystems studied {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Organisms specialisations for certain habitats In order for an organism to exist in this ecosystem, it must have certain characteristics which will allow it to tolerate the aforementioned conditions. This is referred to as an adaption. The majority of species have adapted to suit their individual habitats. The concept which is named ‘habitat requirement’ states that these specializations allow the organism to survive in one type of habitat but not necessarily in another. Changes in a habitat can be made by organisms that are free to move about such as animals, but these choices are made based upon the pros and cons of each place and the requirements of the organism. Aim: To determine the distribution of vegetation and changes in mangrove height along a transect. Location: {draw:rect} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Food web {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Food pyramid {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Calculating abundance of organisms Results We can calculate the total number of crab holes in the area by using the formula shown above where; Average number in quadrat = 23. 9 {draw:g} {draw:g} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} *Adaptations of the grey mangrove *and the mangrove snail the grey mangrove (avicennia marina) _ {draw:frame} _The pneumataphors form an Ariel root system and act as a ‘snorkel’ to the mangrove, allowing the plant to ‘breath’ air and obtain the oxygen needed for respiration. They need to absorb air through tiny pores on their surface called lenticels due to the lack of air diffusion between sediment grains within the soil, and the oxygen supply is transferred to all the parts of the plants including the underground roots. draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Adaptations of the Mangrove Snail _ {draw:frame} _Small Size: The maximum size that a mangrove snail can reach is approximately 1cm3. This allows the organism to be able to hide from predators more easily in places such as under leaves or branches, and hence making it harder to see. Human impacts *o*n the mangrove Long term effects of Pollution: _ {draw:frame} _ The altered behavior of nocturnal organisms due to light pollution. E. g. Birds who use the moon and stars for navigation will be disrupted and misled if too much light is present. Excessive unnatural light may also affect some predator-prey relationships and the competitive interactions of the animals. {draw:frame} If there is excessive noise pollution, animals within the network which depend on hearing to locate their prey may have extreme difficulties. Because of this, the organism will struggle to locate its food source, or companion, causing a lower chance of survival. Also, excessive and ongoing noise pollution will cause communication issues between a certain species, therefore disrupting their natural breeding patterns. If noise is not maintained, it may cause some offspring to not be produced i. e. ecreasing reproduction rates which may eventually cause the extinction of species within the environment. Questions Was there possible ways human error may have occurred? Discuss. Did you select the most accurate equipment and measurements for the measurements you conducted? Suggest how your methods could be adjusted to increase accuracy. To increase the acc uracy of the quadrat sampling method when measuring the height of the pneumataphors, these steps could have been taken: Double check the measurements recorded incase of human error. Repetition of the method by different people is advised to eliminate previous errors made such as misreading measurements and miscounting the pneumataphors. Random pneumataphors must be chosen in order to decrease the chance of a biased result. Quadrats should be placed at a regular distance such as 5m to increase consistency. In order to increase the accuracy of the results when measuring the Abiotic factors these steps could have been taken: Repeat each method several times and find the average of the total results. This increased the accuracy of the results and eliminates human errors. Ensure that the instructions are precisely followed. Generally, care should be taken when measuring any feature of an ecosystem as any wrong data will lead to a misconception of the lifestyle and actions of certain organisms. By: Julie Assi

Compassion Fatigue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compassion Fatigue - Essay Example The nurse would have to be compassionate and tailor the care given in a manner that suits the patient. In addition, the nurse ought to establish a relationship with the patient as such would fasten the recovery process. If the nurse fails to get emotional advice from her peers, she would soon be a victim of compassion fatigue from excessive exposure to such patients. Compassion fatigue is prevalent among inexperienced professionals. Nurses are prone to compassion fatigue due to their care giving roles in health institutions. However, this should not discourage nursing students from pursuing their careers because the condition is treatable. Nurses may seek professional advice from peers in the case of mild compassion fatigue. If the condition is severe, the nurse can seek medical help to mitigate the likelihood of depression. Hospice nurses are vulnerable to compassion fatigue due to their job description. They are responsible for offering palliative care to patients who are terminally ill, and likely to succumb to the illness. However, hospice nurses may engage in professional and social organizations where they interact with like-minded people and brainstorm. In addition, they may exercise to build on their physical and mental strength. It is prudent that hospice nurses create boundaries between work and home responsibilities to ensure that external parties are not affected. Showalter, S. (n.d.). Compassion Fatigue: What Is It? Why Does It Matter? Recognizing the Symptoms, Acknowledging the Impact, Developing the Tools to Prevent Compassion Fatigue, and Strengthen the Professional Already Suffering From the Effects. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 239-242. Retrieved March 19, 2015, from

Biotechnology in healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biotechnology in healthcare - Essay Example Consequently, doctors tend to prescribe specific drugs so as to achieve maximum personal benefits even though the prescribed drugs are of less effect. The regulatory authorities face difficulty with preventing these unethical practices since medical prescription is completely left to doctors’ choice. This paper will critically explore the ethical and regulatory issues associated with marketing drugs in the United Kingdom. Drug Marketing Issues It has been identified that pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of money toward marketing their drugs in a way that their drugs would continuously get prescribed by doctors. Naturally, the company representatives exaggerate the benefits and efficacy of their products; and often doctors do not try to verify the authenticity of their argument. In fact, there are no practical ways for doctors to test the reliability of companies’ claims instantly; the laboratory tests require much time and they would not provide cent percent accurat e results of the drug’s effectiveness. The Inverse Benefit Law focused on Hart’s inverse care law states that â€Å"the ratio of benefits to harm among patients taking new drugs tends to vary inversely with how extensively the drugs are marketed† (wellness resources). When companies extensively market their drugs, sometimes the act gives rise to new diseases. Pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension are some best fitted examples which reveal the horrible impacts of unethical drug marketing. Reducing the verge for a disease means maximum sales for pharmaceutical companies in UK; the same happens while new diseases emerge. It is important to note that the ultimate aim of medicine is to eradicate diseases but not to create new ones. However, drug marketers encourage doctors to test the effectiveness of their products on patients. Although doctors know that certain drugs’ impacts may vary with age, sex, and demographic factors, they would not be willing to change th eir prescription criteria so as to preserve their personal interests. The most destructive impact of drug marketing is the practices of over dosage. Company representatives are always under pressure to meet their fixed targets; consequently, they may force doctors to prescribe drugs in large quantities. Although these over dosages may mitigate the symptoms of diseases rapidly, they have far reaching impacts on patients’ health. Similarly, all misleading pharmaceutical advertisements are against the professional ethics as they negatively affect patients’ medical knowledge also. Issues associated with drug marketing regulation The regulatory authorities cannot insist doctors regarding medical prescription because of two reasons; firstly, a doctor is well conversant with the physical conditions of his/her patients; secondly, he/she must have full freedom of action during the course of treatment. In real practice, it is seen that doctors misuse their freedom with intent to gain personal economic benefits. In such situations, regulators cannot identify whether a doctor’s prescription is genuine or not. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is responsible for excessive drug marketing prevention in UK. The MHRA 2008 reports show that the discontinuation of drugs within a shorter period of time causes severe impacts on patient’s health. Therefore, it is difficult to ban certain drugs even though they are found harmful. Disputes have been going on in UK even among regulation panel

US Documents Essay Example for Free

US Documents Essay The long list of offenses attributed to the King in the Declaration of Independence were: that he did not approve laws for the common good, he did not allow his governors to pass laws no matter how urgent and important they may be and instead ordered the governors to wait for his approval which he never gave, he denied to enact laws for the benefit of the majority but would only do so if they gave up their representation in the Legislature and which the people found unacceptable and tyrannical, he convened the Legislature in places far from the Public Records depository and such location was distant, unusual and uncomfortable for the representatives, he dissolved on many occasions the Houses of Representatives for their opposition to his tyranny, he had denied the election of replacement for The Houses he dissolved thus exposing a State without Legislation to such threats as invasions from outside and unrest from inside, he prevented to populate the states when he tried to stop the passage of Naturalization and Immigration laws and refused to amend Land Appropriations, he did not allow for the administration justice with the continued absence of a Judicial arm of government, judges served under his pleasure as their terms of offices and salaries depended on him, he created offices for their officers to harass people, he created unconstitutional standing armies even in times of peace, he made the Military superior to the Civilian, he ruled under a constitution alien to the states, armed troops dwell among the citizens and were protected from punishment even for crimes against the citizens of the states, compulsory taxed and cut off foreign trade of the states, there was no trial by jury and instead brought trials overseas, he ruled in anarchy, dissolved Charters, changed the form of government, and abolished laws, instead of protecting the states declared war against them, he destroyed properties and plundered the people, and forced the people to fight against each other. Then Declaration of Independence states, â€Å" †¦ that all men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. † Locke believed those rights to be inherent in man’s natural state. Further, the Declaration of Independence provides, â€Å"That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and institute new Government. †¦ That these united colonies are, and of Right, ought to be Free and Independent States, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Locke believed that for Government to continue to exist it must have the consent of the people. When a government does not serve the purpose for which it was created, Locke believed that a revolution against it, is a right and an obligation. In both the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution, there is no mention of rebellion or revolution against the Government. Amendment 13 abolished slavery. This is the only part of the Constitution that touches on slavery. Three among the powers of Congress as provided for in the Constitution are: to legislate laws, to declare war, and to levy and collect taxes, duties and excises. Amendments 1-10 are otherwise known as the Bill of Rights. Among these Rights guaranteed in the Constitution are: Amendment 1 – â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † Amendment 2 – â€Å" †¦ the right of the people to keep and bear arms †¦,† Amendment 4 – â€Å" †¦ right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, †¦,† and Amendment 6 – â€Å" †¦ the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The times when National Security is involved are certainly periods when we have to be cautious. Suspension of Rights is never a way of caution. Life must go on even in times of threats. To bar people from practicing their faith, speaking up and writing out their thoughts, to gather peacefully, and to file for redress of grievances is not the way of a democracy, a democracy which replaced the anarchic government of the King. References Landry, P. (1997-2006). John Locke. Biographies. Retrieved February 19, 2008 from http://www. blupete. com/Literature/Biographies/Philisophy/Locke. htm

Treaty of Versailles :: essays research papers

At eleven O' clock on the morning of November 11, 1918, the fighting ceased on the western front in France, Belgium. For almost four years the world watched the bloodiest and most expensive wars in history. Now at last, the return of peace that was so desperately desired became a reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two months later the representatives of the victorious powers in Paris to write the treaties of peace. The most important of these agreements was first to be completed. In less than four months the representatives of the German government were summoned to a suburb of Paris. There, in the Hall of Mirrors in the Great Palace of the French Kings, they signed the documents that formally brought World War I to an end. The Versailles Palace thus gave the name to one of the most important treaties of Paris and in History. Out of the Versailles Treaty came the league of Nations, one of mankinds attempts to find a means of abolishing war. Many people that signed the Treaty of Versailles struggled with each other. Some people believed there were there to find a just and lasting peace, while others were there with vengeance on the mind towards Germany. The treaty also brought about conditions that aided Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany. It also played a significant role in causing World War II, only twenty years later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the signing of the armistice, discussion in Europe had turned to where the Peace Conference would be held. The question of where this meeting would take place caused discord. The United States and Great Britain favored small cities such as Geneva or Lausanne in neutral Switzerland, but the French insisted on Paris.(Vaughan 10) The reason behind this was because forty-eight years earlier, France suffered a crushing defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, The citizens of Paris watched a Prussian army match down the Champs Elysees and under the Arc de Triomphe(Hankey 23). On January 18, 1871, Bismarck and the German princes had proclaimed the birth of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors of the Versailles Palace(Knapton173). Now that the tables were turned, France wanted to pay back Germany for the humiliation they suffered. The setting for this conference was much different from the 1815 Congress of Vienna. There, a defeated France stood at the mercy of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and British Conquerors. So it was decided on that the conference would take place in Paris.

Interpreting Research Findings Essay

What follows are my responses to the hypothetical students who responded to the topic: â€Å"The human mind is a very powerful tool of research. How does the mind use statistics, deductive logic, and inductive reasoning to interpret research findings? † Student #1. Since you provided the reference for your response, you may not understand the meaning of plagiarism. For example, the statement from Pinker’s article (p. 2): â€Å"In this conception, a computational system †¦ into existence† appears in your response, without quotation marks or a page reference. The addition of the parenthesized word â€Å"mind† does not make the excerpt yours. There are similar examples throughout your response. You might have had difficulty in reading a highly theoretical article: one that actually is from a scholarly journal (Pinker, 2005) and does not address the question of using â€Å"statistics, deductive logic, and inductive reasoning to interpret research findings†. Despite adding these phrases to statements from Pinker (paragraphs 2 and 3), you did not answer the question. Student #2. Your first three sentences, though interesting, aren’t related to the question. Note too that conclusions based on using the scientific method are not â€Å"right answers/outcomes. † The closest one can come to a â€Å"right answer† requires doing an experiment and then using inferential statistics to conclude that the probability of finding a result such as yours by chance is so low (e. g. , < . 05 or . 01) that it’s reasonable to conclude your experimental manipulation caused your results (Levin, 1999). Almost your entire response is related to descriptive statistics, only one part of the question. Your quote about deductive logic (the only route to certainty) does not explain how it is used, and your quote about inductive reasoning is not, in itself, a complete explanation of how such reasoning is used. Student #3. Your response was very good. Note that it isn’t possible to free one’s â€Å"mind of bias,† which is why methods are used to prevent human biases from influencing the results, as in the classic double-blind experiment, where neither participants nor researchers know who is receiving the placebo and who is receiving the medication (Levin, 1999). Also, your son’s conclusion was valid – a conclusion is valid if it must be true if the premise is true. He was incorrect because his premise was incorrect (typical of a bright three-year-old). Also, your discussion of inductive reasoning was weak – try thinking in terms of â€Å"inferential statistics. † As an aside, there were some violations of APA rules regarding citations and references. Student #4. Unfortunately, your response does not begin to address the question. Also, in answering a question you weren’t asked, you reached conclusions that have been disconfirmed in previous research. For example, there’s a strong relationship between the behavior of peers and a teenager’s use of nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, etc. , but not a relationship between parent and child use of these substances (reviewed in Harris, 1995). It’s true that â€Å"educational and prevention programs† have not been â€Å"cost effective,† but there’s no evidence that such programs are effective at all, i. e. , that they influence teenage-smoking. Before you reach a conclusion on the â€Å"something† you will study, you need to read the relevant literature on previous research. Student #5. In a response as brief as yours, the first two sentences should have been related to answering the question. I also have no idea of what your answer means: â€Å"to form somewhat of an ‘argument’ that helps to interpret research findings. † In discussing deductive reasoning, you needed to explain that incorrect premises can result in valid but incorrect conclusions and that factually correct premises can result in incorrect conclusions if the hypothesized conclusions are invalid (e. g. , in the classic example, knowing that â€Å"all men are mortal and that Socrates was mortal† does not imply that â€Å"Socrates was a man†). You also did not explain how statistics and inductive reasoning are used. Student #6. First, you did not provide any source(s). Had you used a book on statistics and design, e. g. , Levin, 1999, you would have avoided some errors, described below. Your examples of descriptive statistics are accurate, but your explanation of inferential statistics is not. A sample is used to generalize about a population, not about a larger sample. Also, if â€Å"blue† were the favorite color of 80 people in a sample of 100, you could not conclude (or â€Å"speculate†) that if you sample 1000 people, blue would be the favorite color of 800. You could conclude, for example, that if you repeatedly (infinitely) sampled 100 people from the same population, the probability of failing to find that a majority favor â€Å"blue† is known and small (e. g. , . 05 or . 01). It may be important to understand correlational research, but the question was to explain how particular tools were used to interpret research findings. One tool, deductive logic, does not, as you stated, â€Å"indicate that a series of statements are facts. † You also needed to use quotation marks in your statement from Kerlinger, 1986, â€Å"Hypotheses are declarative †¦ more variables† and the full Kerlinger reference should have been provided (you should not have included references you had not cited). Finally, your conclusion regarding your dissertation suggests you do not understand how the three research tools noted in the question are used, e. g. , do you intend to use statistics only in your literature review? References Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102, 458-490. Levin, I. P. (1999). Relating statistics and experimental design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pinker, S. (2005). So how does the mind work? Mind & Language, 20, 1-24.

Ancient Rome, The Heart Of A Great Empire - 1545 Words

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